Steam has one great advantage over waterit expands in volume with tremendous velocity. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. There are two classical types of turbine stage designs. Efficiency will depend on turbine size or rotor diameter, blade geometries, speed, extreme condition of steam and other losses. Figure 4 shows steam process in enthalpy against entropy diagram of curtis and single row rateau turbine. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884 the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam, which results. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and transforms it into mechanical work. Here you can download the free lecture notes of power plant engineering pdf notes ppe pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Introduction to turbine machinery univerza v ljubljani. Unitiv steam turbines a steam turbine is a key unit in a steam power plant from which we get power. Ppt steam turbines powerpoint presentation free to. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. The velocitycompounded impulse turbine was first proposed by c.
In an actual impulse turbine there are a number of stationary nozzles and the moving blades are arranged completely around the rotor periphery. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft propulsion. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam. A steam turbine is a turbomachine and a prime mover in which potential energy of steam is transformed into kinetic energy and this kinetic energy is then transformed into mechanical energy of rotation of shaft of turbine.
A steam condenser is a closed vessel in which steam is exhausted from steam engine or steam turbine. Parts, working, applications, advantages, disadvantages pdf. Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and. May 12, 2020 steam turbine lecture notes, mechanical engineering, semester mechanical engineering notes edurev is made by best teachers of mechanical engineering. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working. The steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of its improvement in thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple. Note thatif the steam consumption of a customer does not demand billed exceed 12,000 mlb of steam for 12 monthly billing periods ending in august of that year, the customer will.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic. Despite efforts to develop alternative energy converters, electricity from steam will continue, for many years, to provide the power that energizes the united states and world economies. Feb 19, 2017 lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. Steam turbine convert a part of the energy of the steam evidenced by high. Steam for turbine is provided by pp330140p55 type steam generator, a oncethrough coalfired boiler 8. Power plant engineering notes pdf ppe notes pdf book starts with the topics introduction, boiler, classification of boilers, fire tube boiler, water tube boilers, introduction, classification of.
Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. Steam process in steam turbine steam entrance to turbine through governor valv e to control steam capacity and therefore to control turbine speed. Valentini gas turbine power plants 1 introduction i have written these notes for italian speaking students in the last year of high school for the course of applied mechanics and fluid machinery. In noncondensing turbines or backpressure turbines, steam exhausts at a pressure greater than. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 575 times. Steam turbine notes, mechanical engineering, semester. Boiler, turbine, condenser, pump, carnot cycle for steam, disadvantages of carnot cycle application. Its modern manifestation was invented by charles parsons in 1884. Moreover, 50inch blades for 3600 rpm and 60inch blades for 3000 rpm with further enhanced. Pdf lecture 27 model steam turbine gov system abdul. May 19, 2015 may 02, 2020 steam turbine notes, mechanical engineering, semester notes edurev is made by best teachers of. The curtis stage turbine, as it came to be called, is composed of one stage of nozzles as the singlestage. Compilation of lecture notes on steam turbines for engineering students.
Chapter 4 steam turbine classification of steam turbines. Steam turbine notes, mechanical engineering, semester notes. Steam consumption of steam turbine is depending to required output power and efficiency of the turbine. The main aim is to give them the chance to follow one module of their mechanics course all in english. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Nevertheless modern steam turbines are very efficient and operate with internal efficiencies within the range of 80 percent to 90 percent depending upon the steam conditions. The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. We will not transport equipment that is not safely secured.
India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. Lecture series on steam and gas power systems by prof. The first notes on the installation of fish passages date back to. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that converts thermal energy in. The performance of the steam turbine is governed by the losses occurred in it. The condensed steam formed together with air and other noncondensable gases is removed by pumps. The lvdt is mechanically coupled to a rugged stainlesssteel plunger assembly that contacts the turbine. May 02, 2020 steam turbine notes, mechanical engineering, semester notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Turbo machines vtu notes pdf tm pdf vtu smart world. Ensure generation of exceptionally highpurity steam by eliminating all impurities from saturated steam. For impulse turbine the blade height at a particular section of a turbine will be function of mass flow rate m, specific volume v, area a, and velocity of steam. Steam turbine lecture notes, mechanical engineering.
Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and. Curtis to solve the problems of a singlestage impulse turbine for use with high pressure and temperature steam. Raise the degree of superheat of supplied steam as specified and maintain the same temperature over a defined range of load. Whether your application is a single or multivalve steam turbine configuration driving a single or multistage multibody compressor train, experion can handle your application. Control solution for the control of steam turbine driven centrifugal compressor train control. Dec 18, 2019 kaplan turbine is an axial reaction flow turbine.
When the steam passes through the stationary nozzles and is directed at high velocity against the rotor buckets. Three basic phases can be distinguished in the process of steam turbine unit start. Unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. Steam turbine governor market 2019 share and industry growth opportunity this study presents the steam turbine governor production, revenue, market share and growth rate for each key company, and also covers the breakdown data production, consumption, revenue and market share by regions, type and applications. This document is highly rated by mechanical engineering students and has been viewed 894 times. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. Latest technologies and future prospects for a new steam turbine. Steam turbine is a type of turbomachine which is an assembly of nozzles and blades. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. In this steam turbines books section you will find handbooks training material and slides related to steam turbine auxiliaries, design and operation and maintenance.
Following figures show steam process in steam turbine. Prior to supplying steam to the turbine, the steam supply pipelines have to be drained and heated up. Steam turbinesgenerators and auxiliary systems program 65. Steam turbines lie at the heart of these power plants. It is not mechanically connected to the gas generator, but instead is mechanically coupled, 1. Because up to 70% of outages planned for steam power plants involve work on the turbine, power producers continually seek ways to optimize operation and maintenance activities on aging turbinegenerator fleets. Steam engines are used very widely in engineering up to 1930 for generation of power but after it are replaced by internal combustion engine. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. Bloch, 2 books moyer, james ambrose, 2 books john morrow, 2 books oskar lasche, 2 books aurel stodola, 2 books parsons, charles sir, 2 books auguste rateau, 2 books walter s. Mar 31, 2017 nuclear and coal based thermal power plants together produce almost half of the worlds power. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Leland, 2 books calvin franklin swingle, 2 books f. It is hoped that this notes helps a working engineer have a better insight into the.
Pdf portable document format pdf 68 care and maintenance. In large power stations after partial expansion in the turbine steam is returned. In case of turbines with cooling water preheating and lowpressure lp bypass, prior to supplying steam the regeneration and dumping systems have to be. Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. Kaplan turbine is an axial reaction flow turbine and has adjustable blades if water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft, the turbine is known as the axial flow turbine and if the head of the inlet of the turbine is the sum of pressure energy and kinetic energy during the flow of water through a runner a part of pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy, the. Diesel engine, petrol engine are the common example of internal combustion engine. The motive power in a steam turbine is obtained by the rate of change in momentum of a high velocity jet of steam impinging on a curved blade which is free to. Note that the velocity triangles are drawn for the inlet and outlet of the rotor at. Steam turbine gets heat energy in the form of superheated steam from steam generator. If water flows parallel to the axis of the rotation of the shaft then it is called an axial flow turbine. Impulse turbines, reaction turbines, the impulse principle, the. Steam turbine performance 3 4 2 1 46 45 44 43 42 41 43 42 41 40 39 % % 1. Pumpkin patch owns and operates stores in new zealand, australia and ireland.
Hga excess air discharge flue gas temperature main steam condition reheat back pressure lhv. Nuclear and coal based thermal power plants together produce almost half of the worlds power. A rotor of a modern steam turbine, used in a power plant. H1512005 scm440 aisi 4140 airpax h1512 speed sensor ek15383 1442dr5890 airpax tachometer 1440pr ek44396 text. Beyond the turbine end of the gas generator is a freely rotating turbine.
A steam turbine is a turbomachine and a prime mover in which potential energy of steam is. The principles of correct conducting startups have been developed over the longterm operation of steam turbines and contain experience of turbine designers, constructors and operators. The runner note that the terms stator and rotor are usually used for the fixed. The sequence of these activities is shown in figure 2. Schematic diagram of 200 mw unit 8 construction of the steam generator is carried out in two distinct bodies, symmetrical with the axis of the group, operating in parallel to the k2001 steam turbine. In principle, the impulse steam turbine consists of a casing containing stationary steam nozzles and a rotor with moving or rotating buckets. Rotor is the heart of the steam turbine and it affects the efficiency of the steam turbine. Because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to driving electrical generators about 90% of all electricity generation in the united states 1996 is by use of steam turbines 1 wiser. The operation of steam turbine completely depends on the dynamic action of the steam expanding in nozzles.
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