Pneumonia pada geriatric pdf

The oral environment is a very complex ecosystem in which a mix of anaerobic bacteria, facultative aerobes, and spirochetes compete for space and nutrients 1, 2. For both types of pneumonia there is variation in care and areas of. In 2010, pneumonia, combined with influenza, was the eighth leading cause of death in the united sates, according to the national center for health statistics. Akan tetapi, pada pneumonia bakteri didapatkan leukositosis yang berkisar antara 15. Leukopenia pneumonia are in the elderly aged 80 and over 279 deaths per 100 000 people, while in eastern europe similar mortality rates for pneumonia exist in infants aged 06 days 278 deaths per 100 000. Increasingly pneumonia in the immunocompromised elderly is also being seen. Elderly pneumonia treatment and prevention a place for mom. Pneumonia pneumonia paling sering disebabkan faktor roleh. Etiology of severe pneumonia in the very elderly ats journals. Access to oxygen therapy will be challenging at the height of a pandemic. Tujuan studi kasus ini adalah melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan pada klien pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae penyebab paling sering pada anak. Pneumonia is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly.

Corticosteroids in the initial phase of pneumonia, elderly patients can present with wheezing and respiratory distress. Bacterial pneumonia in older adults infectious disease clinics. Pdf communityacquired pneumonia cap is a common infectious disease that still causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is often a shortterm illness but sometimes it can. Community acquired pneumonia cap can be diagnosed clinically when there are signs of a lower respiratory tract infection and wheezing syndromes have been ruled out. Communityacquired pneumonia in elderly patients request pdf. Moreover, mortality in patients with cap rises dramatically with increasing age. The management of communityacquired pneumonia in the elderly. Aspiration pneumonia is a common problem in older people with high mortality and increasing prevalence. Guidelines for preventing healthcareassociated pneumonia, 2003 pdf icon 179 pages cdc and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee developed these recommendations management of adults with hospitalacquired and ventilatorassociated pneumonia, 2016 pdf icon 51 pages external icon the infectious diseases. This document provides evidencebased clinical practice guidelines on the management of adult patients with communityacquired pneumonia. The older you are, the more prevalent severe pneumonia becomes. Causes of pneumonia in elderly people pneumonia is caused by exposure to germs, most often bacteria or a virus.

The factors which determine the increased frequency of pneumonia in the elderly include social effects, immune changes and physiological changes in the lungs. Di kota padang jumlah kunjungan pengobatan pneumonia mengalami kenaikan dari tahun 2008 hingga 20, dengan 5878 kasus pada 2008 dan 8970 kasus pada 20 dinas kesehatan kota padang, 2014. Pneumonia mikoplasma, suatu pneumonia yang relatif sering dijumpai, disebabkan oleh suatu mikroorganisme yang berdasarkan beberapoa aspeknya, berada di antara bakteri dan virus. Very elderly patients may tolerate an abnormally low sao2 at rest when clinically stable. Type of infection experienced by geriatric one of which is pneumonia. Pada pneumonia virus dan juga pada pneumonia mikoplasma umumnya ditemukan leukosit dalam batas normal atau sedikit meningkat. One of pneumonia therapy using an aminoglycoside class of antibiotics gentamicin examples that have a narrow therapeutic index. Diganosis terhadap pneumonia bisa dilakukan dengan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik, dan juga pemeriksaan penunjang.

Pada anakanak dan bayi, biasanya gejala yang muncul berupa demam tinggi, anak tampak selalu kelelahan, tidak mau makan, batuk produktif, dan sesak napas, sehingga napas anak menjadi cepat. Agak berbeda dengan pneumonia secara umum, pneumonia pada anak justru pada beberapa kasus tidak ditandai dengan peningkatan tempo pernapasan, terutama bila pneumonia tersebut menyerang paruparu bagian bawah. This study aimed to estimate the economic burden of communityacquired pneumonia cap among elderly patients in japan. Gejala yang terjadi umumnya justru demam, muntahmuntah serta nyeri pada perut bagian bawah. Levofloxacin in the treatment of communityacquired pneumonia. Report potential pneumonia symptoms to a doctor right away. Children who had chest indrawing with or without fast breathing were classified as having severe pneumonia and were referred to the closest higherlevel health. In the elderly, the presenting features are often determined more by the host than by the specific organism causing the infection. Pleural effusion and empyema sepsis sepsis in neonates neonatal ehandbook influenza assessment of severity of respiratory conditions. Pdf pneumonia and hospitalizations in the elderly researchgate. Guidelines for preventing healthcareassociated pneumonia, 2003 pdf icon 179 pages cdc and the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee developed these recommendations management of adults with hospitalacquired and ventilatorassociated pneumonia, 2016 pdf icon 51 pages external icon the infectious diseases society of america and.

Geriatric susceptible to infections and chronic diseases. Pada tahun 20, pneumonia ditemukan dengan prevalensi 3,1% di sumatera barat kementerian kesehatan ri, 20. Elderly people are frequently affected, and several issues related to care. Aspiration pneumonia is frequent in the elderly and occurs with increased frequency in patients with nasogastric tubes or percutaneous enterogastric tubes. Viera, md, mph, university of north carolina at chapel hill.

Original article severe pneumonia in the elderly international. Hence the following study was undertaken to study the clinical, radiological, and bacteriological profile of communityacquired pneumonia in elderly. Patients in nursing homes appear to fare even worse, as they often have several. Economic burden of communityacquired pneumonia among elderly patients. Revised who classification and treatment of childhood. Bila tersedia pulse oximetry, gunakan sebagai panduan untuk terapi oksigen berikan pada anak dengan saturasi oksigen pada anak yang stabil. Elderly patients have an excessive incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Isolation of fungi from respiratory samples was considered di agnostic only in the. Pada keadaan normal, saat bernafas paru paru kita terisi oleh udara, namun pada keadaan pneumonia, kantung alveoli terisi oleh pus dan mukus, sehingga paruparu tidak dapat mengembang dengan sempurna. Its easy to confuse these symptoms of pneumonia in adults 65 and over with those of a cold or the flu, or with the effects of aging, but they shouldnt be ignored.

Diagnosis and management alexander kaysin, md, mph, and anthony j. The diagnosis and management of pneumonia is also likely to be more complicated in this. Streptococcus pneumoniae is still the most common pathogen among the elderly. The onset of pneumonia in elderly people can often be rapid, and the prognosis is poor in severe pneumonia. Antibacterial treatment of aspiration pneumonia in older. Pdf elderly patients with communityacquired pneumonia. The organisms affecting the elderly are the same as in the younger adults but with a different agerelated distribution. The incidence of pneumonia is higher in older than younger people, due to both an increase in factors facilitating entry of infectious agents into the lungs, and attenuated functioning of the immune system.

It is commonly cited as the fifth leading cause of death in seniors. Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that has a broad spectrum of activity against several causative bacterial pathogens of communityacquired pneumonia cap. Severe pneumonia can lead to death, especially for the elderly, young children, or people with other medical problems. The most common signs of pneumonia in old age are tachypnoea and tachycardia. Pdf pneumonia in the elderly is a common and severe problem. In severe aspiration pneumonia, 20% of organisms implicated are anaerobic and 80% aerobic, most of which are gramnegative enterobacteriaceae. Many times, a senior may have pneumonia and not recognize the signs or understand that they have an illness that needs to be treated. Seniors are often conditioned to not feeling well on a regular basis and may mistake their symptoms of pneumonia as a sign of getting older. The implications of oral health for systemic health and risk of infection are often overlooked. Pneumonia management and prevention guidelines cdc. Aliberti s, di pasquale m, zanaboni am, cosentini r, brambilla. Tingginya morbiditas dan mortalitas pneumonia pada usia lanjut menyebabkan pencegahannya penting. Bacterial biofilms and ongoing inflammatory responses further complicate the oral microenvironment. Kasus pneumonia tidak mengenal kriteria usia ataupun jenis kelamin, pneumonia dapat menyerang siapapun, terutama pada orang yang memiliki daya imun yang menurun smeltzer, 2004.

This makes preventing pneumonia in the elderly a serious matter. Communityacquired pneumonia cap is a common infectious disease that still causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Beri oksigen pada semua anak dengan pneumonia berat. The overall death rate for pneumonia in hospitals in the united states is less than 5%. Hentikan pemberian oksigen bila saturasi tetap stabil 90%. These are compounded by the effects of the high frequency of chronic disease in this group. National consensus on geriatric immunization 2011 the indonesian society of medical gerontology. The efficacy and tolerability of levofloxacin 500 mg once daily for 10 days in patients with cap are well established. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with communityacquired. Sultra, 2018 anak dengan pneumonia akan mengalami gangguan pernapasan yang disebabkan karena adanya inflamasi dialveoli paruparu. The management of elderly patients with cap is a challenge. Classic features of presentation of pneumonia may be absent.

In other parts of the world, rates of pneumonia and deaths are much higher. An overview of pneumonia in the elderly caring people. Pneumonia is an increasingly common disease in the elderly due to an aging population. Vol 44 number 1 january 2012 national consensus on geriatric immunization 2011 81 influenza of certain period and the incidence of. Rapidly managing pneumonia in older people during a.